Water Hammer Water hammer effect is an impact load that is the most misunderstood force known to pressure transducers today. A water hammer is created by stopping and/or starting a liquid flow suddenly.
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An Introduction to Flow Meters As the name implies a Flow meter is an instrument for monitoring, measuring, or recording the rate of flow, pressure, or discharge of liquids or gasses.
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How Does a Pressure Transducer Work? A pressure transducer is a device that measures the pressure of a fluid, indicating the force the fluid is exerting on surfaces in contact with it.
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What is a Mass Flow Meter? A thermal mass flow meter measures the flow rate of gas mass based on the convective heat transfer of a heated surface to the flowing fluid.
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What is a Coriolis Flow Meter and How Does it Work? A Coriolis flow meter is a type of mass flow meter. It is designed differently and works differently than thermal or differential mass flow meters.
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The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) President of the Comité Consultatif de Thermométrie and Vice-President of the Comité International des Poids et Mesures Division of Physics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A OS1 Canada
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RTD vs Thermocouples Selecting the best temperature sensor for your application can be a challenge. A broad range of sensors are available today, and the better you understand the key differences between them
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What is a Vortex Flow Meter? A vortex flow meter is a flow measurement device best suited for flow measurements where the introduction of moving parts presents problems.
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Cold junction compensation for thermocouples In this article different types of cold junction compensation are review. Discover common practices when accurate thermocouple measurements are required.
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Thermocouple types Thermocouples are available in different combinations of metals or calibrations. The most common are the “Base Metal” thermocouples known as Types J, K, T, E and N.
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Thermocouple Response Time Time constants calculated for air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure moving with velocity of 65 feet per second for thermocouples
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How to choose a Thermocouple There are different types of thermocouples and their applications may vary. An exposed thermocouple will work best when high response times are required, but an ungrounded thermocouple is better in corrosive environments
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How to Use Ferrite Cores with Instrumentation OMEGA’s thermocouple and RTD connectors with built-in nickel-zinc ferrite cores are used where it is desired to suppress electro-magnetic, interference commonly known as EMI.
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Practical Guidelines for Temperature Measurement Temperature can be measured via a diverse array of sensors. All of them infer temperature by sensing some change in a physical characteristic.
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Water and Wastewater Test Methods for Operators A variety of test procedures and methods are available for use by water and wastewater operators.
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Flow Meter Tutorial So you want to measure flow? The answer would seem to be to purchase a flowmeter.
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Electronic Halogen Leak Detector For many years the most effective, and only, method for finding gas leaks of any type was the use of a soap or bubble solution.
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Industrial pH Monitoring: pH and pH Electrode Basics pH electrode technology hasn't changed much in the past 50 to 60 years, yet pH electrode manufacturing remains an art.
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Ion Selective Electrodes: Measurement Considerations This article is designed to apply, in general, to all specific ion electrodes.
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Technical Principles of Valves Solenoid valves are used wherever fluid flow has to be controlled automatically. They are being used to an increasing degree in the most varied types of plants and equipment.
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Technical Dissolved Oxygen - The Fundamentals Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the term commonly used in liquid analytical work for the measurement of the amount of oxygen dissolved in a unit volume of water.
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Top 6 Methods to Measure or Monitor Fluid Levels Measuring and monitoring fluid levels accurately and precisely requires choosing the correct methodology for the target medium and vessel.
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Scaling Voltage & Current to Engineering Units It is very often necessary to convert a voltage, millivot or current reading into a more useful value such as PSI, GPM, LBS, etc.
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Data Noise Reduction in DAQ Noise is unavoidable in PC based data acquisition systems. There is board induced noise which can be measured by shorting an analog input to ground and taking a series of readings and plotting them in a histogram.
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What is the Load Cell Calibration Procedure for Weighing Applications? Inspect the load cell cables, and coil and protect any excess. The load should be equally distributed among multiple load cells of multiple load cell installations.
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Mechanical Flow meters Discussed in this chapter are various types of mechanical flow meters that measure flow using an arrangement of moving parts,
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Differential Pressure Flow meters The calculation of fluid flow rate by reading the pressure loss across a pipe restriction is perhaps the most commonly used flow measurement technique in industrial applications
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RF/Capacitance Level Instrumentation Capacitance level detectors are also referred to as radio frequency (RF) or admittance level sensors. They operate in the low MHz radio frequency range, measuring admittance of an alternating current (ac) circuit that varies with level.
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Types of Flow Meters for Different Applications Measuring the flow of liquids is a critical need in many industrial plants.
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What is a Variable Area Flow Meter? Variable area flow meters are simple and versatile devices that operate at a relatively constant pressure drop and measure the flow of liquids, gases, and steam.
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An Introduction to Venturi Flow Meters, Flow Nozzles, and Segmental Wedge Elements Venturi tubes are available in sizes up to 7 inches and can pass 25 to 50% more flow than an orifice with the same pressure drop
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Pressure sensor Piezoelectric presssure sensors can further be classified according to whether the crystal's electrostatic charge, its resistivity, or its resonant frequency electrostatic charge is measured.
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Strain Gauge When external forces are applied to a stationary object, stress and strain are the result.
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What is an Orifice Plate Flow Meter? The orifice plate flow meter is commonly used in clean liquid, gas, and steam services. It is available for all pipe sizes but it is very cost-effective for measuring flows in larger ones (over 6 inches diameter).
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Wheatstone bridge for strain gauges In order to measure strain with a bonded resistance strain gauge, it must be connected to an electric circuit that is capable of measuring the minute changes in resistance corresponding to strain.
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An Introduction to Pitot Tubes and Probes Although the pitot tube is one of the simplest flow sensors, it is used in a wide range of flow measurement applications such as air speed in racing cars and Air Force fighter jets
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Strain Gage Technical Data The most universal measuring device for the electrical measurement of mechanical quantities is the strain gage.
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Specialty Level Switches Thermal, vibrating, and optical level switches are specialty devices developed to solve specific level detection problems.
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Electronic Flow meters While the flow measurement technologies discussed in this chapter--magnetic, vortex, and ultrasonic--are neither exclusively nor exhaustively electronic in nature, they do represent a logical grouping of flow measurement technologies.
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Working principle of thermocouples A typicial thermocouple is made up of two dissimilar metals joined together to form two junctions.
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Monitoring Juice Level in a Vessel using Transmitters and Transducers The Role of Flow and Level Transmitters and Pressure Transducers in the Monitoring of Juice Level in a Vessel
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Preventing Explosions with FM Approved Intrinsically Safe Instrumentation Industrial explosions have caused devastating loss of life on many occasions.
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Optimizing Strain Gage Performance for Inhomogeneous Materials How to use strain gages and optimize their performance while working with inhomogeneous materials
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Particle Pollution & Environmental Safety Indoor air quality is the responsibility of building owners, managers and employers.
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Factory Air Quality: Five Substances and Conditions you Should be Monitoring Top 5 conditions and substances your Air Quality System should be monitoring
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Get Started with Predictive Maintenance Examine how to maximize the ROI of your equipment, along with the other advantages of implementing a maintenance plan.
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5 Reasons to Wirelessly Measure Relative Humidity Monitoring Relative Humidity in Lab can be challenging. Choose the most simple and powerful way by using wireless transmitters.
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Applying Ultrasonic Level Sensors in Cooling Tower Water Basins Cooling towers are heat exchange systems that require precision sensors to ensure water basin liquid levels are monitored.
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Science Team Sets Out to Measure Just How Strong a Python Is, Using a Pressure Transducer Our engineers help design a system that will figure out just how much deadly force a python really has.
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Air Quality Monitoring | Things you should know about it Ambient air contains life supporting oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and chemicals that can harm you and your employees.
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3 Factors to Consider When Choosing a Custom or Off-the-Shelf Sensor Given the risk to human lives and the financial costs when things go wrong, aerospace engineering...
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Monitor and Protect High-Value Assets During Storage and Transport High-value assets such as aerospace systems must be monitored and protected while in transit to the final assembly location...
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Ultrasonic Level Sensor Application in Above Ground Bulk Storage Tanks By installing level sensors, operators can be proactive and monitor liquid levels - ensuring environmental regulations associated with the design and operation are consistently met.
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Wireless Monitoring Solution Keeps Fruit Quality High and Energy Costs Low Discover how a wireless temperature monitoring system can provide a more precise and cost-effective way to cool produce.
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Unique Solutions to Challenging Automation Applications In pursuit of weight savings, aerospace companies are moving towards more exotic materials. While stronger and lighter, these materials are also...
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5 Ways the Right Expertise Can Simplify the Customization Process Pressure transducers and load cells play a critical role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and accuracy of products and processes across a wide variety of industries—including aerospace, mining, manufacturing, technology, and more.
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Hybrid Ultrasonic Flow Meter Application Helps Ensure Accurate Enzyme Injection Learn how flow meters helped an Oil company achieve accurate measurements of the water flow rate and total flow.
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Load Cell Customization A Small, But Critical Component in the World’s Brightest X-Ray Laser By modifying its standard load cells, OMEGA helps keep novel laser project on track for completion in 2018.
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Infrared Temperature Measurement Theory and Application Infrared thermometers for non-contact temperature measurement are highly developed sensors which have wide-spread application in...
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Measuring pH with a Wireless Device: 3 Must-Have Features Ready to measure pH with a Wireless Device? This is what you should be looking for in a portable data logger for pH measurement.
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Flow Measurement in a Return Activated Sludge Line Keene Waste Water Treatment Plant uses a secondary treatment process called activated sludge, a process which converts non-settable substances into a biological floc
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Cardinal Glass Reduces Risk of High-Value Asset Loss with Omega’s New Data Logging Software Cardinal Glass needed a way to interface their humidity control sensors to their human machine interface (HMI).
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Server Room Remote Environmental Monitoring Monitoring temperature and relative humidity conditions in a server room is essential to maintaining the operating efficiency of this critical infrastructure.
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Sensor Theory of Operation Omega is a reliable source for pressure transducers and load cells that provide high quality data in a myriad of processes.
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Machine Safety Checklist : Top Aspects to Consider Safety should always be the top priority in a facility with production machinery. Proper safety measures help to ensure that your workers are safer, and it’s simply a smart business practice.
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Custom Pressure Transducers A custom pressure transducer is a transducer that converts pressure into an analog electrical signal, often manufactured with the exact specifications required for an application.
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What is MI Cable? The basic construction provides high-temperature capability, exceptional electrical isolation, and physical protection for the conductors especially when subjected to harsh environments.
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The importance of wind tunnel testing in the lab Failure rates for many electronic components rise with temperature.
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High Temperature Pressure Transducers vs. Cooling Elements Pressure measurement is often a challenging task due to the harsh environments frequently found in industrial manufacturing.
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Strain Gage Application Requires Quality Control Surface Preparation and Application Steps OMEGA Engineering offers four types of strain gages: The Karma Grid or K-Series, Precision Strain Gages, Pre-Wired Gages, Transducer Quality.
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Doppler Meters Vs Transit Time Ultrasonic Flow Meters Ultrasonic flow meters are non-intrusive devices that use acoustic vibrations to measure the flow rate of liquid...
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Types of Load Cells Various load cell types are preferred, relative to the needs of the laboratory or operational environment.
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Using Load Cells to Weigh Trucks, Trains, and Aircraft In the airline industry, weight is money. Every additional pound requires more fuel to lift, so making sure there’s enough gas in the tanks means knowing what the aircraft weighs.
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Thermal mass flow sensors, theory of operation & design Thermal mass flow meters measure the mass flowrate of gases and liquids directly.
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Temperature Monitoring During Transportation, Storage and Processing of Perishable Products This White Paper provides some background to temperature and humidity logging in logistics and discusses equipment options.
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Cryogenic Temperature Sensors Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures.
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Temperature Measurement Temperature can be measured via a diverse array of sensors. All of them infer temperature by sensing some change in a physical characteristic.
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Installing a Load Cell: Best Practices Each load cell installation is unique. Consult a structural engineer when your application requires very high accuracy, long-term stability, custom specifications, or when using in a varied R&D environment.
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Remote Monitoring Ethernet/internet-based data monitoring brings new capabilities and unprecedented access to process measurement and control.
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IC Sensors An IC Temperature Sensor is a two terminal integrated circuit temperature transducer that produces an output current proportional to absolute temperature. The sensor package is small with a low thermal mass and a fast response time
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Understanding Deadband for Pressure Switches A pressure switch consists of a sensing component and an electrical switch.
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Lessons about Positive Displacement Flow Meters Positive Displacement flow meters are the only flow measuring technology to directly measure the volume of fluid that passes though the flow meter.
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Air Flow Measurement Instruments: How Precise and Accurate? Calculating flow rates through ducts, pipes, hoods and stacks (collectively called ducts for our purposes), has never been difficult.
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Chart Recorders A chart recorder is an instrument used to record various process and electrical signals.
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What Is A Pressure Transducer? A pressure transducer, often called a pressure transmitter, is a transducer that converts pressure into an analog electrical signal. Although there are various types of pressure transducers, one of the most common is the strain-gage base transducer.
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What is an Ultrasonic Flow Meter? An ultrasonic flow meter (non-intrusive Doppler flow meter) is a volumetric flow meter which requires particulates or bubbles in the flow.
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Anemometer An anemometer is an instrument used to measure the speed or velocity of gases either in a contained flow, such as airflow in a duct, or in unconfined flows, such as atmospheric wind.
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Strain Gauges A Strain gage (sometimes referred to as a Strain Gauge) is a sensor whose resistance varies with applied force; It converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc., into a change in electrical resistance which can then be measured.
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How to Measure Acceleration? An accelerometer is a device that measures the vibration, or acceleration of motion of a structure.
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pH Meter A pH meter is an instrument used to measure acidity or alkalinity of a solution - also know as pH.
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Understanding What’s Meant by “Intrinsically Safe” Fire is a hazard in many industries. Sometimes the risk is quite evident, as when flammable gasses...
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Level Measurement Integral to process control in many industries, level measurement sensors fall into two main types. Point level measurement sensors are used to mark a single discrete liquid height–a preset level condition.
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Thermocouple Wire Wire that is used in a thermocouple from the point of sensing to the point of cold junction compensation (cjc end) where the signal is measured.
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What are Electromagnetic Flow Meters? A magnetic flow meter (mag flow meter) is a volumetric flow meter which does not have any moving parts and is ideal for wastewater applications or any dirty liquid which is conductive or water based.
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What is a Pressure Gauge? Pressure gauges are among the most often used instruments in a plant. But because of their great numbers, attention to maintenance--and reliability--can be compromised.
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